（2007年6月5日）

國家環境保護總局

2007年6月5日，國家環保總局發布了《2006年中國環境狀況公報》。《公報》指出：黨中央、國務院高度重視環境保護工作。胡錦濤總書記主持中央政治局常委會專門研究了新時期環保工作的思路，并就做好新時期環境保護工作多次做出重要指示。國務院發布《關于落實科學發展觀加強環境保護的決定》（以下簡稱《決定》），召開了第六次全國環境保護大會，對新時期環境保護工作做出明確部署。一年來，各地區、各部門以科學發展觀為統領，認真貫徹落實黨中央關于新時期環境保護工作的部署，不斷加大工作力度并取得重要進展。

一是十屆人大四次會議批準《國民經濟和社會發展第十一個五年規劃綱要》，將單位國內生產總值能源消耗降低20%左右，主要污染物排放總量減少10%，確定為“十一五”經濟社會發展的約束性指標，把節能減排擺上了十分突出的戰略位置。

受國務院委托，國家環保總局與各省級人民政府和華能等六家電力集團公司簽訂了減排目標責任書，出臺了化學需氧量和二氧化硫總量分配指導意見，主要污染物減排指標層層分解。國務院批準召開了全國大氣污染防治工作會議和水污染防治工作電視電話會議，提出了加強大氣污染防治的“氣五條”和水污染防治的“水六條”措施。國家環保總局將飲水安全作為環保工作的首要任務，集中力量開展了飲用水源保護區專項執法檢查，全國共檢查水源地7600多個，取締和搬遷危及水源安全的污染源1400多個，解決了一批長期危害群眾飲水安全的突出環境問題。重點流域（區域、海域）污染防治繼續推進，松花江流域水污染防治“十一五”規劃經國務院批準實施。國務院有關部門出臺了脫硫機組上網電價優惠、中央環保專項資金支持電廠脫硫貸款貼息等優惠政策，污染防治穩步推進，主要污染物排放量增長幅度開始明顯回落。2006年，全國化學需氧量排放量1428.2萬噸，比上年增長1.0%；二氧化硫排放量2588.8萬噸，比上年增長1.5%。與上年增幅相比，2006年化學需氧量和二氧化硫排放量增幅分別回落4.6和11.6個百分點。

二是各級環保部門嚴格執行環境影響評價和“三同時”制度，對新開工的固定資產投資項目進行了全面清理，加大污染嚴重的落后生產工藝裝置、生產能力和產品淘汰力度，促進宏觀調控和產業結構調整。國家環保總局就加強環境影響評價管理工作向全社會做出“便民高效、公開透明、接受監督、廉潔自律、公平公正、嚴格審批、強化驗收”的承諾。國家環保總局對163件報告書做出暫緩批準或不予批準的決定。規劃環評試點全面啟動。環境準入作為改善宏觀調控、優化產業結構的重要手段，在抑制固定資產投資過快增長、提高經濟發展質量方面，發揮著越來越重要的作用。

三是繼續開展整治違法排污企業保障群眾健康環保專項行動，加強環境監管，嚴厲查處了一批環境違法行為。全國共出動環境執法人員167萬人次，檢查企業72萬多家，立案查處環境問題2.8萬件，其中取締關閉違法排污企業3176家，對5701個環境違法案件實行了掛牌督辦。對近年來審批、總投資近10152億元的7555個化工石化建設項目進行了環境風險排查，對3794家企業提出了整改要求。檢查礦山企業2.5萬家，關閉、取締礦山4709家，消除環境安全隱患1461家。

四是科學應對、妥善處置了各類突發環境事件。2006年是污染事故高發的一年。國家環保總局共接報處置161起突發環境事件，比上年增加85起。2006年，順利完成松花江水污染事件化冰期中俄聯合監測任務，安全度過松花江水污染危機；全國各級環保部門深刻汲取松花江水環境污染事件的經驗教訓，大力加強環境應急管理工作，使吉林市牤牛河水污染事件、湖南岳陽新墻河砷污染事件、甘肅徽縣鉛中毒事件等一大批群眾反映強烈、社會高度關注的突發環境事件得到了妥善處置。

五是生態保護、核與輻射安全監管、環境國際合作進一步深化。環保系統思想、組織、作風、業務和制度“五大建設”深入推進，環境保護基礎保障能力和隊伍建設得到加強。2006年，全國環境污染治理投資為2402.8億元，占同期國內生產總值的1.15%。國務院批準開展第一次全國污染源普查，“水體污染控制與治理”中長期科技發展規劃重大專項、全國土壤污染狀況調查全面啟動。成功召開了全國環保科技大會，團結各方面的力量，調動各方面的積極性，形成共同推進環境保護事業的新局面。

2006年，在黨中央、國務院的正確領導下，經過各地區、各部門的共同努力，在國內生產總值比上年增長10.7%、能源消費總量比上年增長9.3%的形勢下，全國環境質量狀況總體保持了穩定。

全國地表水總體水質屬中度污染。在國家環境監測網監測的745個地表水監測斷面中，Ⅰ～Ⅲ類，Ⅳ、Ⅴ類，劣Ⅴ類水質的斷面比例分別為40%、32%和28%。七大水系中，珠江、長江水質良好，松花江、黃河、淮河為中度污染，遼河、海河為重度污染。太湖、滇池為劣Ⅴ類水質，巢湖為Ⅴ類水質。重點城市集中式飲用水源地總體水質良好，根據107個環保重點城市的382個集中式飲用水源地的監測結果統計，監測的達標水量占72.3%。163個城市的地下水水質監測結果表明，地下水水質以良好～較差為主。深層地下水水質優于淺層地下水，開采程度低的地區地下水水質優于開采程度高的地區；地下水水位總體保持穩定態勢。

全國近岸大部分海域水質良好，局部海域污染依然嚴重，遠海海域水質良好。近岸海域一、二類海水比例為67.7%，比上年上升0.5個百分點；三類海水為8.0%，下降0.9個百分點；四類、劣四類海水為24.3%，上升0.4個百分點。南海、黃海近岸海域水質良好，渤海、東海近岸海域分別為輕度和中度污染。

全國監測的559個城市中，空氣質量達到一級標準的城市占4.3%、二級標準的城市占58.1%、三級標準的城市占28.5%、劣于三級標準的城市占9.1%。與上年相比（可比城市），城市空氣質量達到或優于二級的城市比例增加4.7個百分點；劣于三級的城市比例減少2.1個百分點，城市空氣質量總體有所改善。113個重點城市空氣質量達標城市比例比上年增加1.7個百分點，劣三級城市增加0.9個百分點，二氧化硫平均濃度比上年略有降低，二氧化氮、可吸入顆粒物濃度基本持平。酸雨分布區域保持穩定，主要集中在長江以南，四川、云南以東的區域。

城市聲環境質量較好。與上年相比，重點城市區域噪聲平均等效聲級下降超過1dB(A)（含1dB(A)）的城市17個、上升超過1dB(A)（含1dB(A)）的城市11個。道路交通噪聲平均等效聲級較上年增加超過1dB(A)的城市8個，降低超過1dB(A)的城市21個。城市各類功能區聲環境質量，晝間達標率高于夜間，3類功能區好于其它類功能區。

全國輻射環境質量狀況良好。電離環境質量總體仍處于天然本底水平，重點電離輻射污染源、城市放射性廢物庫未對周圍環境造成可監測到的污染。電磁輻射環境基本屬于環境背景水平。

截至2006年底，全國共有各種類型、不同級別的自然保護區2395個，總面積15153.50萬公頃。2006年，全國耕地凈減少460.2萬畝，與上年相比，耕地面積減少0.25%。全國共有水土流失面積356萬平方公里，占國土總面積的37.08%。

根據第六次全國森林資源清查（1999～2003年）結果，全國森林面積17490.92萬公頃，森林覆蓋率18.21%。林木年均凈生長量4.97億立方米，年均采伐消耗量為3.65億立方米。中國擁有包括荒草地在內的各類天然草原近60億畝，居世界第二位，占國土面積的41.7%。2006年，全國累積種草保留面積4億畝，草原圍欄面積7.87億畝，禁牧休牧輪牧草原面積13億畝；全國天然草原平均超載牲畜34%左右；草原鼠害危害面積5.6億畝，比上年減少1.8%。草原蟲害危害面積2.52億畝，比上年減少9.9%。

2006年，全國平均年降水量較常年略偏少，其中冬季全國平均降水量較常年同期略偏多，春季接近常年，夏、秋季偏少。全國平均年降水量為596.7毫米，較常年偏少16.2毫米。全國平均氣溫9.9℃，較常年偏高1.1℃，是1951年以來最暖的一年。各類氣象災害中，熱帶氣旋所造成的直接經濟損失和死亡失蹤人數最多，干旱造成的受災人口和農作物受災面積最多。全國未發生大范圍嚴重洪澇災害，暴雨洪澇受災面積較常年偏小。2006年，中國境內共發生5級以上地震34次，中國大陸地區有9次地震成災事件。全國共發生滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷等各類地質災害102804起。全年共發生風暴潮、海浪、海冰、赤潮和海嘯等災害性海洋過程179次。

Material for the press conference of the State Council Information Office

State of the Environment in China 2006

(June 5, 2007)

State Environmental Protection Administration

On June 5, 2007, State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) issued the 2006 Report on the State of the Environment in China. The Report points out that the Central Committee of Communist Party of China and State Council attach great importance to environmental protection work. General Secretary Hu Jintao chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of CCCPC, which made a topic discussion on the philosophy of environmental protection work in the new era, and presented many important instructions on doing well environmental protection work. The State Council has issued the Decision on Implementing the Outlook on Scientific Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection (hereinafter referred to as the Decision) and held the 6^th National Conference on Environmental Protection, which present clear arrangement for environmental protection work in the new era. Under the guidance of the outlook on scientific development, each province (region) and sector has earnestly carried out the arrangements of CCCPC for environmental protection work in the new era over the past year and put increasing efforts with important progress.

First, the Outline of the 11^th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development approved by the Fourth Session of the 10^th National Peoples Congress sets the compulsory targets of reducing energy consumption per unit GDP by 20% and total emissions of major pollutants by 10% compared with that of 2005. It puts energy saving and emissions reduction at a salient strategic position.

Entrusted by the State Council, SEPA has signed the reduction target responsibility documents with the people’s government of each province (autonomous region and municipality) and six key power corporations including Huaneng and issued the guidance on the quota of COD and SO₂ emission, which divides the reduction targets at different levels. National Meeting on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and National Teleconference on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution approved by the State Council have put forward the “five measures” for enhancing the prevention and control of air pollution and “six measures” for the prevention and control of water pollution respectively. SEPA takes drinking water safety as its top priority and concentrates its efforts in carrying out special law enforcement inspection on drinking water source protected areas. A total of over 7,600 drinking water sources have been inspected and more than 1,400 pollution sources threatening the safety of drinking water sources have been banned and removed, which has addressed a number of salient environmental problems threatening drinking water safety for a long time. Pollution control activities of key river basins (regions, or sea areas) are going on. The 11^th Five-Year Plan for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution of the Songhua River Basin has been carried out after the approval by the State Council. Relevant departments of the State Council has issued the favorable policies such as preferential price for on-grid electricity from desulphurization generating sets and loan discount by special environmental fund of central government to support sulfur removal of power plants. With steady progress in the prevention and control of environmental pollution, the increase pace of the emissions of major pollutants begins evident drop. In 2006, total discharge of COD across China was 14.282 million tons, up by only 1.0% than in last year; total SO₂ emission was 25.888 million tons, up by 1.5% than that of 2005. The increasing range of COD discharge and SO₂ emissions in 2006 dropped by 4.6 and 11.6 percentage points respectively compared with that of the last year.

Second, environmental protection departments at all levels have taken such measures as strict implementation of the EIA system and “Three synchronizations” system, comprehensive streamlining of new investment projects on fixed assets and acceleration of the phasing out of lag-behind production technology, productivity and products with heavy pollution in order to facilitate macro regulation and industrial restructuring. SEPA has made such commitments as “Convenience, efficiency, openness, transparency, accepting public supervision, honesty, self disciplining, fair and justice, strict examination, and check & acceptance” to the public on strengthening EIA management work. SEPA has decided the suspension or rejection to the EIS of 163 projects. The trial work on planning EIA has been initiated in an all round way. As an important means for macro regulation and optimization of industrial structure, environmental access is playing more and more important role in stifling too rapid growth of the investment in fixed assets and improving the quality of economic development.

Third, the authority has continued its special environmental campaigns on streamlining enterprises that discharge pollutants against the law and ensuring public health. It has strengthened environmental supervision and administration and investigated and sanctioned many environmental infringements. A total of 1.67 million person ? times of workers on environmental law enforcement have been mobilized across China with more than 720,000 enterprises inspected and 28,000 cases filed for investigation. Among them, 3,176 enterprises discharging pollutants against the law have been banned or shut down and 5,701 environmental infringement cases on the supervision list. It has carried out investigations on environmental risks of 7,555 construction projects approved in recent years in chemical and petrochemical industries, which involve a total investment of 1,015.2 billion yuan RMB, and demanded 3,794 enterprises for corrections. In addition, it has inspected 25,000 mining enterprises. Among them, 4,709 enterprises were shut down or banned and 1,461 have eliminated their environmental risks.

Fourth, the authority has appropriately handled various sudden environmental accidents in a scientific way. 2006 is the year with high occurrence of pollution accidents. SEPA received the report of 161 sudden environmental accidents, up by 85 than that of 2005. In 2006, we have smoothly completed the China-Russia joint monitoring on water quality in thawing period following the Songhua River water pollution accident and pull through the crisis of the water pollution accident. Having learned the lessons and experience from the water pollution accident of the Songhua River, environmental protection departments at all levels across China have put more efforts in strengthening environmental emergency response activities and appropriately handled a number of sudden environmental accidents with strong public concerns such as the water pollution of the Mangniu River in Jilin City, the Xinqiang River arsenic pollution accident in Yueyang, Hunan Province and lead poisoning accident in Hui County of Gansu Province.

Fifth, further activities in ecological conservation, supervision and management on nuclear and radiation safety and international environmental cooperation. The “Five developments”──namely the idea development, organization development, work style development, professional development and system development of all environmental protection institutions at all levels have enjoyed further progress. The basic ensuring capacity in environmental protection and workforce development has been strengthened. In 2006, the total investment in the prevention and control of environmental pollution across China was 240.28 billion yuan, accounting for 1.15% GDP of the year. The State Council has approved the launching of the first national census on pollution sources. Important projects like the key special research of “Control and Treatment of Water Pollution” listed in the Mid and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development and National Investigations on Soil Pollution have been initiated in an all round way. SEPA has successfully held the National Meeting on Environmental Science and Technology. A new aspect of joint promotion of environmental protection has been developed with the unity of all social forces and the initiatives of all stakeholders.

In 2006, under the wise leadership of CCCPC and the State Council and common efforts of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and sectors, the overall environmental quality of China maintained stable with 10.7% growth of GDP and 9.3% increase of energy consumption compared with that of 2005.

The overall quality of surface water across China is under intermediate pollution. Among the 745 monitoring sections of surface water under national environmental monitoring program, 40% meet Grade I～III National Surface Water Quality Standard, 32% meet Grade IV~V National Water Quality Standard and 28% fail to meet Grade V standard. Among the seven big rivers in the mainland of China, the Pearl River and Yangtze River enjoy good water quality. The Songhua River, Yellow River and Huaihe River are under intermediate pollution, while the Liaohe River and Haihe River are under heavy pollution. The water of Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake fails to meet Grade V Standard and water of Chaohu Lake meets Grade V standard. On the whole, the water quality of concentrated drinking water sources of key cities is good. According to the monitoring results of 382 concentrated drinking water sources of 107 key cities on environmental protection, 72.3% samples meet water quality standard. The groundwater monitoring results of 163 cities show that the quality of most groundwater samples ranges from good to relatively poor. The quality of deep groundwater is better than that of shallow one and the quality of groundwater of the region with less development level better than that of the region with high development level. On the whole, water table across China keeps stable.

The quality of much coastal sea waters across China is good with heavy pollution in part of sea areas. The quality of distant sea waters is quite good. 67.7% of coastal water samples meet Grade I~II National Marine Water Quality Standard, up by 0.5 percentage point than in 2005. 8.0% water samples meet Grade III Marine Water Quality Standard, down by 0.9 percentage point than in 2005. 24.3% of marine samples meet or fail to meet Grade IV standard, up by 0.4 percentage point than in 2005. The quality of coastal waters of the South China Sea and Yellow Sea is good. But the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea are subject to slight pollution and that of East China Sea to intermediate pollution.

Among 559 cities under air quality monitoring, 4.3% of them meet Grade I National Air Quality Standard, 58.1% meet Grade II Air Quality Standard, 28.5% meet Grade III standard and 9.1% fail to meet Grade III standard. Compared with that of last year, the percentage of cities meeting or superior to Grade II Air Quality Standard goes up by 4.7 percentage points. The percentage of cities failing to meet Grade III Air Quality Standard goes down by 2.1 percentage points. The overall urban air quality has some improvement. Among the 113 key cities on environmental protection, the proportion of cities meeting Grade II National Air Quality Standard goes up by 1.7 percentage points and the proportion of cities failing to meet Grade III Air Quality Standard rises by 0.9percentage point. Average SO₂ concentration has some reduction compared with that of 2005. While the concentrations of NO₂ and inhalable particulate basically maintain the same. The areas of acid rain maintain the same, mainly concentrated on the region south to the Yangtze River and east to Sichuan and Yunnan.

Cities have relatively good acoustic environment. Compared with in 2005, 17 key cities have their average equivalent sound level of regional noise reducing by over 1dB(A) [including 1dB(A)] and 11 have the increase over 1dB(A) [including 1dB(A)]. Eight cities have the increase of their average equivalent sound level of road noise over 1dB(A) and 21 cities have the reduction over 1dB(A). For the acoustic environment of various urban function areas, they have higher up-to-the-standard rate in daytime than in the might. And the performance of the third type functions areas is better than that of other kinds of function areas.

The radiation environmental quality across China is good. The overall ionization environmental quality is still under the natural level. Key ionization radiation pollution sources and urban radioactive waste storage sites do not cause measurable pollution to the surrounding environment. Electromagnetic radiation environment basically falls into the natural baseline level.

Up to the end of 2006, there were 2,395 various nature reserves at different levels across China with total area of 151.535 million ha. In 2006, there was a net reduction of 4.602 million mu (15 mu = 1 ha) of arable land across the country, down by 0.25% compared with that of 2005. A total of 3.56 million km² of land were subject to water and soil erosion, taking up 37.08% of total land area.

According to the findings of the 6^th National Investigations (1999～2003) on Forest Resources, total forest area of China is 174.9092 million ha with coverage of 18.21%. Average net annual woods growth is 497 million m3 with annual logging of 365 million m3. China has nearly 6 billion mu various natural grassland including weed land, ranking No.2 in the world. The area of total grassland takes up 41.7% of total land area. In 2006, there were accumulated 400 million mu land reserved for grass planting, 787 million mu of fence grassland and 1.3 billion mu of grassland banning, suspending or rotating grazing. On the average, natural grassland of China overgrazed by about 34%. A total of 560 million mu of grassland were subject to damage by rats, down by 1.8% than in 2005. 252 million mu of grassland were subject to damage by insects, down by 9.9% than that of 2005.

In 2006, annual average precipitation across China was less than that of normal years. Among the four seasons, average precipitation in winter was a bit more than that of normal year, it was same in spring but less in summer and autumn. Average annual precipitation was 596.7 mm, down by 16.2 mm than that of normal years. Average temperature in 2006 was 9.9℃, up by 1.1℃ than the normal level, the warmest since 1951. Among various meteorological disasters, tropical cyclones have caused the largest direct economic loss and most casualties and missing people. Droughts cause the biggest affected population and cropland area. There has been no widespread serious flood in China with less area subject to storms and flood disasters. In 2006，there were 34 earthquakes across China with Richter scale over 5 within the territory of China and 9 quakes caused disaster in the mainland of China. There were a total of 102,804 various geological disasters such as landslide, collapse, mud-rock flow and subsidence in the country. There were also 179 disastrous marine activities such as storm surge, big wave, sea ice, red tide and tsunami in China.